The Florisbad fossil locality is internationally known for producing a pre-modern human skull, Middle Pleistocene fossil vertebrates and Middle Stone Age artifacts. The fossil vertebrate collection from the Florisbad spring is the type assemblage of the Florisian Land Mammal Age (LMA) of Southern Africa. This fossils assemblage postdates that of Cornelia-Uitzoek and represents an immediately pre-modern stage in the evaluation of the large mammal faunas of South Africa. This fossil assemblage is the link between the older Cornelian and the modern mammal faunas of southern Africa. The human skull, dated to around 260 000 years ago, is unique in being only relatively complete human fossil of this time range in Southern Africa. It fills the gap between the modern and post-Homo erectus / ergaster   human fossils. In a wider geographic context the skull has meaning in that its anatomy and geological age support an African origin for modern humans.